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• Reclassification of order 5 (5a) control marks

  In 2010, 5a control marks were reclassified from order 5 to order 6. They have since been tested against the standards and the appropriate orders assigned.
  Guidance

  • Geodetic

• Geodetic publications and presentations

  We publish information that describes the implementation and use of New Zealand’s geodetic system. This information is provided to support users of geodetic data and provides background information for research purposes. This section includes geodetic…
  Guidance

  • Geodetic

• Lambert conformal conic transformations

  The mathematical parameters and equations used to convert geodetic datum coordinates to and from a Lambert conformal conic projection.
  Guidance

  • Geodetic

• New Zealand Map Grid (NZMG)

  New Zealand Map Grid (NZMG) was previously used as the projection for topographic 1:50,000 and other small-scale mapping in mainland New Zealand. New Zealand Transverse Mercator 2000 (NZTM2000) replaced NZMG in 2001 and is now the official projection used…
  Guidance

  • Geodetic

• Instructions for carrying out online height conversions

  How to transform heights between vertical datums.
  Guidance

  • Geodetic

• Geodetic survey control network

  As a consequence of the earthquakes across Canterbury since 2010, geodetic control marks and cadastral marks throughout the region have been subject to varying amounts of movement. Updated Landonline spatial data is available.
  Guidance

  • Survey
  • Geodetic

• South Island coordinate update

  Landonline has now been updated to reflect the movements that occurred in the four major Christchurch earthquakes and four major Fiordland earthquakes since 2000.
  Guidance

  • Survey
  • Geodetic

• January 2018 NZGD2000 coordinate update

  On Sunday 14 January 2018, LINZ updated the coordinates in Landonline of the large area affected by the Kaikoura earthquake.
  Guidance

  • Survey
  • Geodetic

• Surveys for post-earthquake geodetic control

  Following a major earthquake, there is often an urgent need for geodetic coordinates, particularly heights, to help re-establish critical infrastructure such as stormwater and wastewater systems.
  Guidance

  • Survey
  • Geodetic

• Tidal level information for surveyors

  Determination of MHWSThere is no definitive method for establishing mean high-water springs (MHWS) boundaries – it requires a tailored approach that considers factors like hydraulic gradient, land type and the survey accuracy that is required.
  Guidance

  • Geodetic

• Darwin Glacier Lambert Conformal 2000 Projection (DGLC2000)

  The Darwin Glacier Lambert Conformal 2000 projection (DGLC2000) was replaced by the McMurdo Sound Lambert Conformal 2000 projection (MSLC2000) on 21 March 2011.
  Guidance

  • Geodetic

• New Zealand Geodetic Datum 1949 (NZGD1949) orders

  New Zealand Geodetic Datum 1949 (NZGD1949) was a horizontal datum. Its coordinates were classified into orders according to observation type and survey network.
  Guidance

  • Geodetic

• Pre-2010 normal-orthometric height orders

  Before May 2010, normal-orthometric heights were categorised using orders based on observation method and survey significance. This order framework was replaced by the Standard for the Geospatial Accuracy Framework (LINZS25005) and Standard for Tiers,…
  Guidance

  • Geodetic

• Geodetic datum conversions

  Coordinates can be transformed between geodetic datums by using either a transformation grid or a similarity transformation. This section includes examples of transforming to and from New Zealand Geodetic Datum 2000 (NZGD2000).
  Guidance

  • Geodetic

• Transformations between ITRF and NZGD2000

  Coordinate transformations between the International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF) and New Zealand Geodetic Datum 2000 (NZGD2000).
  Guidance

  • Geodetic

• New Zealand Geodetic Datum 2000 ellipsoidal heights

  New Zealand Geodetic Datum 2000 (NZGD2000) coordinates include an ellipsoidal height measured using GNSS (global navigation satellite system) observations. Ellipsoidal heights often need to be converted to a vertical datum.
  Guidance

  • Geodetic

• New Zealand Geodetic Datum 2000 deformation model

  The New Zealand Geodetic Datum 2000 (NZGD2000) deformation model is used to adjust coordinates for ongoing crustal deformation. It takes into account tectonic motion and some major earthquakes to ensure that coordinates of survey marks and other features…
  Guidance

  • Geodetic

• Computation of the vertical datum relationship grids for NZVD2016

  Vertical datum relationship grids allow the transformation of local vertical datum heights to NZVD2016. These transformation grids were calculated by using observation points with both an ellipsoidal and a normal-orthometric height.
  Guidance

  • Geodetic

• Vertical datum relationship grids

  Vertical datum relationship grids are reference surfaces that can be used to transform heights between the 13 official local vertical datums and New Zealand Vertical Datum 2016 (NZVD2016).
  Guidance

  • Geodetic

• Reference ellipsoids

  An important feature of a geodetic datum is the reference surface. The reference surface approximates the shape of the Earth, so that geodetic coordinates can be located on a curved surface. The most common reference surface for geodetic datums is an…
  Guidance

  • Geodetic

• Gravity and the geoid

  Geoids and quasigeoids are reference surfaces that accurately represent the Earth’s shape and gravitational field. By collecting gravity data (which differs with latitude, elevation, geology and time), gravity field models are created to compute the geoid…
  Guidance

  • Geodetic

• Projection conversions

  Coordinates can be transformed between projections within the same datum, or between projections using different datums.
  Guidance

  • Geodetic

• Understanding datums and projections

  A lot of technical terms are used in New Zealand’s geodetic system. Find out about geodetic and vertical datums, geoids, projections, and coordinate transformations for accurate position and height measurements.
  Guidance

  • Geodetic

• New Zealand Map Grid transformations

  The mathematical parameters and equations used to convert New Zealand Map Grid coordinates to other datums and projections.
  Guidance

  • Geodetic

• Geodetic standards, specifications and resources

  Read and download specifications, standards, guidelines, and published documents. These resources are useful for students, researchers, geodetic service contractors and professionals who use New Zealand's geodetic network.
  Guidance

  • Geodetic

• Ross Sea Region projections

  Projections are selected so that they best represent an area of the globe on a flat surface. There are separate projections for McMurdo Sound, Borchgrevink Coast, Pennell Coast, and the Ross Sea.
  Guidance

  • Geodetic

• North and South Island Yard Grids (NIYG, SIYG)

  The North Island Yard Grid and South Island Yard Grid were the projections for the 1:63,360 (inch-to-the-mile) topographic mapping in New Zealand between 1942 and 1973.
  Guidance

  • Geodetic

• Tiers, classes and orders

  Coordinate and height accuracy values categorised in 3 ways: network accuracy is described by its tier, local accuracy is described by class, and combined accuracy is its order.
  Guidance

  • Geodetic

• Survey-accurate digital cadastre (SDC) status

  Survey-accurate digital cadastre (SDC) status marks in Landonline meet the accuracy standards in relation to the digital position of the marks that surround it.
  Guidance

  • Geodetic

• Geodetic presentations

  Selected presentations relating to geodesy in New Zealand by staff from Toitū Te Whenua.
  Guidance

  • Geodetic

• Transformations from NZGD1949 to NZGD2000

  Coordinates can be transformed between New Zealand Geodetic Datum 1949 (NZGD1949) and New Zealand Geodetic Datum 2000 (NZGD2000) using 3-parameter similarity, 7-parameter similarity or distortion grid transformations.
  Guidance

  • Geodetic

• Transverse Mercator transformations

  The mathematical parameters and equations used to convert geodetic datum coordinates to and from a transverse Mercator projection.
  Guidance

  • Geodetic