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• Obtaining New Zealand Vertical Datum 2016 (NZVD2016) Heights

  New Zealand Vertical Datum 2016 (NZVD2016) heights can be obtained anywhere in New Zealand, including the offshore islands. Published NZVD2016 heights are available in Landonline and the Geodetic Database. Calculated heights can be derived from GNSS (…
  Guidance

  • Geodetic

• Normal-orthometric heights

  There are 2 main height systems used in New Zealand, with normal-orthometric being the most common. This takes into account the quasigeoid and the influence of gravity to support accurate elevation measurements.
  Guidance

  • Geodetic

• About trig stations and geodetic marks

  The physical part of New Zealand’s geodetic system is a network of geodetic marks that are used as reference points for surveys.
  Guidance

  • Geodetic

• Vertical datums

  Vertical datums define a reference surface for measuring elevations and depths, ensuring consistency in height measurements.
  Guidance

  • Geodetic

• New Zealand Quasigeoid 2016 (NZGeoid2016)

  The reference surface for New Zealand Vertical Datum 2016 (NZVD2016) is New Zealand Quasigeoid 2016 (NZGeoid2016). NZGeoid2016 is a gravity derived model, which can be used to determine NZVD2016 heights anywhere in New Zealand and its offshore islands.
  Guidance

  • Geodetic

• Meridional circuits

  Meridional circuits divide the country into a set of survey regions, used to define a local projection for mapping purposes. The Cadastral Survey Rules 2021 require that the NZGD2000 (New Zealand Geodetic Datum 2000) Transverse Mercator 2000 Meridional…
  Guidance

  • Geodetic

• Height datum conversions

  Guidance and examples for the transformation of heights between vertical datums.
  Guidance

  • Geodetic

• Ross Sea Region Geodetic Datum 2000 (RSRGD2000)

  The Ross Sea Region Geodetic Datum 2000 (RSRGD2000) is the official geodetic datum used to define positions for the Ross Sea region of Antarctica.
  Guidance

  • Geodetic

• Post-earthquake co-ordinates

  Clear and complete referencing of coordinates is important because ongoing movement can mean that they change several times after an earthquake.
  Guidance

  • Survey
  • Geodetic

• Height transformation example points

  Examples of the transformations between different vertical datums and height systems.
  Guidance

  • Geodetic

• Projections

  Projections are used to transform a curved surface into a flat map, making locations easier to define. There are 5 official map projections currently used in New Zealand, and 4 that are no longer used.
  Guidance

  • Geodetic

• Changes to Cadastral Mark Orders

  The Rules for Cadastral Survey 2010 that came into effect on 24 May 2010 have different accuracy requirements to their predecessor Surveyor-General’s Rules for Cadastral Survey 2002/2.
  Guidance

  • Geodetic

• New Zealand offshore island projections

  Projections are selected so that they best represent an area on a flat surface. There are separate transverse Mercator projections for each of the following offshore islands: Antipodes, Auckland, Bounty, Campbell Island / Motu Ihupuku, Chatham, Kermadec,…
  Guidance

  • Geodetic

• Chatham Islands Transverse Mercator 1979 (CITM1979)

  The Chatham Islands Transverse Mercator 1979 (CITM1979) used to be the projection for Topographic 1:50,000 and other small-scale mapping in the Chatham Islands. Chatham Islands Transverse Mercator 2000 (CITM2000) is now the official projection used in the…
  Guidance

  • Geodetic

• Pre-2010 geodetic coordinate orders

  Until May 2010, geodetic coordinates were categorised using orders based on coordinate observation and survey significance. This framework was replaced in 2010 by the Standard for the Geospatial Accuracy Framework (LINZS25005) and Standard for Tiers,…
  Guidance

  • Geodetic

• Geodetic standards and factsheets

  Find the standards, as well as explanatory factsheets, which define the requirements of New Zealand’s geodetic system.
  Guidance

  • Geodetic

• Understanding coordinate conversions

  Users may need to convert and transform coordinates between geodetic datums, projections and height systems when they combine data from different sources.
  Guidance

  • Geodetic

• Transformations between WGS84 and NZGD2000

  Transforming coordinates between the World Geodetic System 1984 (WGS84) and New Zealand Geodetic Datum 2000 (NZGD2000) is more complex than some other transformations as a reference date is required for WGS84.
  Guidance

  • Geodetic

• New Zealand Quasigeoid 2009 (NZGeoid2009)

  The reference surface for New Zealand Vertical Datum 2009 (NZVD2009) was New Zealand Quasigeoid 2009 (NZGeoid2009). NZGeoid2009 has been superseded by New Zealand Quasigeoid Geoid2016 (NZGeoid2016) and New Zealand Vertical Datum 2016 (NZVD20016) in July…
  Guidance

  • Geodetic

• Other common geoid and global gravity models

  Geoids represent the hypothetical global mean sea level as it would be shaped by gravity if oceans could flow unobstructed though land. New Zealand’s official geoid, New Zealand Quasigeoid 2016 (NZGeoid2016), is commonly used in New Zealand, and its…
  Guidance

  • Geodetic

• Geodetic datums

  A geodetic datum defines a reference framework for specifying locations on the Earth's surface. Two geodetic datums are currently used in New Zealand, and others have been used in the past.
  Guidance

  • Geodetic

• Geodetic published papers

  Selected papers relating to geodesy in New Zealand which have been published by Toitū Te Whenua.
  Guidance

  • Geodetic

• New Zealand Vertical Datum 2009 (NZVD2009)

  The reference surface for New Zealand Vertical Datum 2009 (NZVD2009) was New Zealand Quasigeoid 2009 (NZGeoid2009). NZGeoid2009 has been superseded by New Zealand Quasigeoid Geoid2016 (NZGeoid2016) and New Zealand Vertical Datum 2016 (NZVD20016) in July…
  Guidance

  • Geodetic