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The physical part of New Zealand’s geodetic system is a network of geodetic marks that are used as reference points for surveys.

Vertical datums define a reference surface for measuring elevations and depths, ensuring consistency in height measurements.

Meridional circuits divide the country into a set of survey regions, used to define a local projection for mapping purposes. The Cadastral Survey Rules 2021 require that the NZGD2000 (New Zealand Geodetic Datum 2000) Transverse Mercator 2000 Meridional Circuit projections are used for cadastral surveyors.

The North Island Yard Grid and South Island Yard Grid were the projections for the 1:63,360 (inch-to-the-mile) topographic mapping in New Zealand between 1942 and 1973.

Projections are used to transform a curved surface into a flat map, making locations easier to define. There are 5 official map projections currently used in New Zealand, and 4 that are no longer used.

Coordinate and height accuracy values categorised in 3 ways: network accuracy is described by its tier, local accuracy is described by class, and combined accuracy is its order.

The Ross Sea Region Geodetic Datum 2000 (RSRGD2000) is the official geodetic datum used to define positions for the Ross Sea region of Antarctica.

The mathematical parameters and equations used to convert geodetic datum coordinates to and from a transverse Mercator projection.

Find out more about New Zealand's maritime zones and boundaries.

Find out about investing in sensitive land when you are intending to live in New Zealand indefinitely.

Find out what information you need to provide to show you have met the conditions of your consent.