Cadastral survey guidelines - full index

Boundaries

• Overview
• Key terms
• Right-line boundaries
• Arc boundaries
• Irregular boundaries
• Water boundaries
• Water centre-line boundaries
• Special requirements for parcels with irregular or water centre-line boundaries
• Treatment of irregular and water centre-line boundaries in Landonline
• Height-limited boundaries
• Special requirements for parcels with height-limited boundaries
• Capturing height-limited parcels

Water boundaries

• Overview
• Key concepts
• Applying the rules
• Flow chart
• Accuracy of water boundaries
• Accepting water boundaries
• Adopting water boundaries
• Defining water boundaries by survey
• Recording water boundaries
• Recording water boundaries where the landward margin of the water body has moved
• Accretion
• Erosion
• Avulsion, artificial diversion and reclamation
• Recording water bed excluded from a new title
• Recording water bed to vest under sections 237A or 239(1)(c) RMA 1991
• Recording movable marginal strip and esplanade strip parcels

Tidal boundaries

• Overview
• Key terms and abbreviations
• Accounting for the whole of the parcel
• Tidal boundaries may not be able to be accepted
• Common marine and coastal area
• Flow chart
• Requirement to identify common marine and coastal area
• Where land in the marine and coastal area is not required to become common marine and coastal area
• Where land in the coastal marine area or marine and coastal area will need to be shown as being or becoming common marine and coastal area
• Recording parcels of common marine and coastal area
• Land becoming common marine and coastal area under s 237A RMA upon subdivision
• Where Crown or local authority owned land has become common marine and coastal area (s 11 or s 13 MACAA)
• Where Crown or local authority land has or will have a record of title
• Where Crown or local authority land will not have a record of title
• Identifying common marine and coastal area where land is being acquired by the Crown or local authority
• Easements over land to become common marine and coastal area
• Accounting for differences between the existing boundary and current MHWS when common marine and coastal area is required to be shown in a CSD

Quality of boundary definition

• Duty of a surveyor when defining a boundary by survey
• Boundaries and boundary points that must be defined by survey
• Information that may be adopted (r 14)
• Acceptance of a boundary
• Method to determine quality of boundary definition
• Mark details to be captured
• Boundary conflict

Field survey

• Horizontal datum: orientation
• Horizontal datum: connection
• Vertical datum
• Accuracy of non-boundary marks
• Accuracy of connection to control network
• Accuracy of boundary referencing
• Accuracy of boundaries
• Accuracies for water, water centre-line, and irregular boundaries
• Survey marks
• Boundary points to be referenced
• Permanent reference marks (PRMs)
• Boundary marking
• Marking new boundary points
• Marking existing boundary points
• Boundary marks
• Old marks and existing positions
• Dispensations

Parcels

• Accounting for all land in an existing primary parcel
• Parcel Boundaries
• Minimum width of parcel
• Parcel area
• Types of parcels
• Parcel appellation
• Recording parcels
• Other

Non-primary parcels

• Form of boundary
• Non-primary parcels crossing boundaries
• Surrendering part of an easement or revoking part of a covenant
• Centre-line easements
• Defining non-primary parcels using the underlying parcel or control network
• Permanent structure boundaries
• Height-limited boundaries
• Non-primary parcels over water
• Existing non-primary parcels to be depicted

Permanent structure boundaries

• Permanent structure boundary usage
• Accuracies of permanent structure boundaries
• Existing unit and lease boundaries may be accepted
• Using an existing restrictive area boundary for new restrictive area parcel
• Height-limited boundary points on existing unit developments
• Depicting permanent structure boundaries on the title diagram

Content of a CSD, survey report information and CSD certification

• Content of a CSD
• How CSD components fit together in Landonline
• Content of a CSD - Record of survey
• Content of a CSD - Title plan
• Content of a CSD - Dataset description
• Content of a CSD - Survey report
• Content of a CSD - Field Information
• Content of a CSD - Water boundary record
• Survey report information
• Reporting on general information
• Reporting on bearings and levels
• Reporting on definition
• Reporting on ground marking
• Reporting on equipment
• Reporting on correspondence
• Pre-validation reporting
• Templates for survey reports
• CSD certification
• Surveys directed by other surveyors

Capture and depiction

• Introduction
• Survey information and header
• Survey purpose
• Type of dataset
• Survey class
• Dataset description
• Meridional circuit
• Vertical datum
• Survey finish date
• Comprised in reference
• Referenced survey
• Bearing corrections
• Territorial authorities
• Mark capture
• Mark name
• Mark purpose
• Mark condition
• Mark type
• Mark state
• Mark reliability
• Mark description
• Geodetic marks
• Mark linking
• Placeholders
• Vector capture
• Vector type
• Vector layer
• Accuracy class of right-line boundaries
• Accuracy class of water and irregular boundaries
• Measured vectors
• Bearing corrections
• Adoption source
• GNSS vectors
• Trig observations
• Parcel capture
• Parcel action
• Parcel intent
• Extinguishing subject parcels
• Parcel topology
• Parcel linking
• Donut parcels
• Blue nodes – selecting missed marks
• Non-primary parcels
• Access lots
• Balance parcels
• Height-limited parcels
• Supporting documents
• Easement and covenant information
• Survey report
• Field information
• Water boundary record
• Area schedule
• Diagram layers
• Depiction of marks and points
• Depiction of vectors
• Depiction of parcels
• Parcels without survey information CSD
• Depiction of estate boundaries
• Annotations and ‘user added text’
• Dataset specific capture and depiction

Schedule/Memorandum

• Purpose of Schedule/Memorandum supporting document
• Memorandum of easements
• Schedule of easements
• Easements in gross
• Accounting for existing easements
• Appurtenant easements
• Easement purpose
• Parcel identifiers
• Burdened land (Servient Tenement)
• Benefited Land (Dominant Tenement)
• Creating Document Reference
• Covenants
• Amalgamation conditions
• Landonline Automated Schedule/Memorandum
• Height-Limited Areas
• Approved CSD amendment

Ground movement

• Overview
• Key terms
• What is an affected boundary?
• Boundaries affected by fault zone movement
• Water and water centreline boundaries affected by ground movement
• Defining new non-primary parcel boundaries over affected underlying parcels
• New unit title and cross lease developments
• Existing unit title developments
• Height-limited boundaries
• Ground marking and occupation information
• Survey reporting

Re-establishing Canterbury earthquake affected boundaries in greater Christchurch

• Overview
• Key terms
• The Canterbury Property Boundaries and Related Matters Act 2016 (CPB Act)
• Summary of Canterbury earthquake events
• Impact of the CPB Act on title
• Affected boundaries must reflect Canterbury earthquake movement in greater Christchurch
• Water and water centreline boundaries affected by Canterbury earthquake movement
• New unit title and cross lease developments
• Defining new non-primary parcel boundaries over affected underlying parcels
• Height-limited boundaries
• Ground marking and occupation information
• Survey reporting
• Resources and tools for greater Christchurch
• Capture and linking requirements for greater Christchurch
• Boundary conflicts in greater Christchurch resulting from approved interim surveys

Boundary reinstatements

• Boundary reinstatement surveys
• Boundary reinstatement restrictions
• Types of boundary reinstatement CSDs
• Simple boundary reinstatement and CSD requirements
• Complex boundary reinstatement and CSD requirements
• Boundary reinstatement of affected boundaries
• Boundary reinstatement of a Hawke’s Bay interim title

Legalisation CSDs

• Overview
• Key terms
• Deciding whether a Legalisation CSD is appropriate
• Dealing with all the land
• Appellations
• Survey purpose
• Parcel intents
• Estate record references
• Existing easements
• Area schedules
• Survey report
• Land in a unit title development
• Legalisation survey where limited title or Hawke’s Bay interim title is to remain
• Marginal strips and esplanade reserves
• Accretion
• Dry riverbeds and streambeds
• Treaty settlement surveys
• Crown forest land
• Reserves
• Marine reserves
• Marine and Coastal Area
• Customary interests in the common marine and coastal area
• Reclamations from the sea
• Parliamentary datasets
• Datasets for other than cadastral purposes

Crown Subdivision CSDs

• Overview
• Key terms
• Deciding whether a Crown Subdivision CSD is appropriate
• Boundary marking
• Dealing with all the land
• Subdivision consent
• Appellations
• Survey purpose
• Parcel intents
• Estate record references
• Easements and covenants
• Exchanges
• Survey report
• Marginal strips and esplanade reserves
• Accretion and erosion
• Land in the common marine and coastal area

Unit plans

• Unit Titles Act 2010
• Key terms
• Base land requirements
• Standard unit title developments
• Stage unit title developments
• Substituted proposed unit development plans
• Subsidiary and layered unit title developments
• Redevelopments
• Adding or removing land from unit title development
• Combining unit plans
• Easements and covenants
• Unit plans in areas of ground movement
• CSD requirements for unit plans
• CSD requirements for easements and covenants on unit plans
• Capture of pre-Landonline unit plans
• Capture requirements for new unit plans

Cross lease CSDs

• What is a cross lease?
• Key terms
• Base land requirements
• Standard cross lease
• Staged cross lease
• Cross lease update
• Cross lease conversion
• Adding or removing land
• New easements and covenants
• Cross lease plans in areas of ground movement
• CSD requirements for cross lease plans
• Capture requirements for cross lease plans

Application CSDs

• What is an Application CSD?
• Types of Applications
• CSD requirements
• Example CSDs

CSDs with Adverse Possession

• What is Adverse Possession?
• General legal requirements for adverse possession
• Adverse Possession of Land Transfer Land
• Adverse Possession of Land Transfer land held in a limited title
• Adverse Possession of Deeds Land
• Adverse Possession of Crown Land or Māori Customary Land
• CSD requirements
• Example CSDs

Diagrams on transfer

• What is a diagram on transfer?
• Key terms
• Priority of diagram on transfer for definition
• Identifying a diagram on transfer
• Diagrams on transfer and the hierarchy of evidence
• Unpegged diagram on transfer boundaries
• Diagram on transfer boundaries with supporting survey information
• Occupation
• Shortage and excess
• Simultaneous transfers
• Diagrams on transfer and limited as to parcel titles
• Diagrams on transfer and computed plans
• Diagrams on deeds conveyances
• Boundary reinstatement surveys for diagram on transfer boundaries
• Unit developments and underlying diagram on transfer boundaries
• Boundary marking and capture requirements for adoptions
• Reporting
• Tips for preparing a CSD containing Diagram on Transfer boundaries
• Diagram on Transfer dataset examples

Limited titles

• Existing guidance under Rules for Cadastral Survey 2010
• New guidance under Cadastral Survey Rules 2021

Hawke's Bay interim titles

• What is a Hawke’s Bay interim title?
• Key terms
• Aftermath of the Hawke’s Bay earthquake
• The Land Transfer (Hawke’s Bay) Act 1931
• Reconstruction of Hawke’s Bay survey records
• Napier Alignment Regulations 1932
• Reconstruction of Hawke’s Bay title records
• Limited as to parcels and interim as to description and delineation
• Interim titles and water and irregular boundaries
• Occupation
• Preparation of a CSD uplifting interim status
• Reporting requirements
• Uplifting interim as to description and delineation status
• Hawke’s Bay interim title case studies

Lodgement Standard

• Purpose of Lodgement Standard
• Existing standard to remain in force
• Applying the Lodgement Standard to CSR 2021 datasets
• Exemptions

Capturing of height-limited parcels

• Steps to capture height-limited primary parcels
• Steps to capture height-limited non-primary parcels

Parcel Intent Usage

• Accessory unit
• Common Marine and Coastal Area (Sec 237A(1)(b) RM Act)
• Covenant - Flat/Crosslease
• Covenant - Land
• Covenant to be Revoked
• Cross Lease Building
• Customary Entitlement
• Customary Marine Title
• Easement
• Easement to be Surrendered
• Erosion
• Esplanade strip
• Fee Simple Title
• Future Development Unit
• Hydro
• Lease
• Legalisation
• Licence/Permit
• Māori
• Marginal Strip – Fixed
• Marginal Strip – Movable
• Principal Unit
• Railway
• Reserve Reclassification
• Residue parcel
• Road
• Vesting on Deposit for Accessway
• Vesting on Deposit for Government Purpose Reserve (Crown)
• Vesting on Deposit for Historic Reserve (Crown)
• Vesting on Deposit for Historic Reserve (Territorial Authority)
• Vesting on Deposit for Local Purpose Reserve
• Vesting on Deposit for Nature Reserve (Crown)
• Vesting on Deposit for Nature Reserve (Territorial Authority)
• Vesting on Deposit for Recreation Reserve (Crown)
• Vesting on Deposit for Recreation Reserve (Territorial Authority)
• Vesting on Deposit for Road
• Vesting on Deposit for Scenic Reserve (Crown)
• Vesting on Deposit for Scenic Reserve (Territorial Authority)
• Vesting on Deposit for Scientific Reserve (Crown)
• Vesting on Deposit for Scientific Reserve (Territorial Authority)
• Vesting on Deposit for Service Lane (Territorial Authority)
• Vesting on Deposit in Lieu of a Reserve (Crown)
• Vesting on Deposit in Lieu of a Reserve (Territorial Authority)
• Vesting on Deposit in the Crown (Sec 239(1)(c) RM Act)
• Vesting on Deposit in the Territorial Authority (Sec 237A(1)(a) RM Act)
• Historic Parcel Intents

Scale Factors, Scale Differences and Scale Adjustment

• Projection Scale Factors
• Central Meridian Scale Factor
• Line Scale Factor
• Projection Scale Differences
• Scale Adjustment